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Java EE - Interview Questions and Answers for 'Java EE' - 58 question(s) found - Order By Newest

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Q1. What is session tracking and how do you track a user session in servlets?

Ans. Session tracking is a mechanism that servlets use to maintain state about a series requests from the same user across some period of time. The methods used for session tracking are:

User Authentication - occurs when a web server restricts access to some of its resources to only those clients that log in using a recognized username and password

Hidden form fields - fields are added to an HTML form that are not displayed in the client's browser. When the form containing the fields is submitted, the fields are sent back to the server

URL rewriting - every URL that the user clicks on is dynamically modified or rewritten to include extra information. The extra information can be in the form of extra path information, added parameters or some custom, server-specific URL change.

Cookies - a bit of information that is sent by a web server to a browser and which can later be read back from that browser.

HttpSession- places a limit on the number of sessions that can exist in memory.

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Q2. what is the use of cookie and session ? and What is the difference between them ?

Ans. Cookie and Session are used to store the user information. Cookie stores user information on client side and Session does it on server side. Primarily, Cookies and Session are used for authentication, user preferences, and carrying information across multiple requests. Session is meant for the same purpose as the cookie does. Session does it on server side and Cookie does it on client side. One more thing that quite differentiates between Cookie and Session. Cookie is used only for storing the textual information. Session can be used to store both textual information and objects.

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Frequently asked. Among first few questions in the J2EE segment of interview.

Q3. What is deployment descriptor ?

or

What is the use of deployment descriptor ?

Ans. Deployment Descriptor which is usually web.xml is used to specify the classes, resources and configuration of the application and how the web server uses them to serve web requests.This file is usually added to WEB-INF folder and contains following

* Servlet entries and url mapping
* Plugins
* Some info regarding authentication / filters
* Landing Page
* Event Handlers

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Q4. Difference between the jsp scriptlet tag and jsp declaration tag?

Ans. The jsp scriptlet tag can only declare variables not methods whereas jsp declaration tag can declare variables as well as methods.

The declaration of scriptlet tag is placed inside the _jspService() method whereas The declaration of jsp declaration tag is placed outside the _jspService() method.

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Q5. Which of the following file is called deployment descriptor ?

a. application.xml
b. project.xml
c. web.xml
d. build.xml

Ans. web.xml

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Q6. What is URL?

Ans. URL is Uniform Resource Locator which is representation of HTTP address.

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Q7. What is HTTP ?

Ans. HTTP or Hypertext Transfer Protocol is internet protocol for tranmission of hypertext ( text with meta data ) over internet.

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Q8. Can we have multiple servlets in a web application and How can we do that ?

Ans. Yes by making entries in web.xml

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Q9. Difference between socket and servlet ?

Ans. servlet is a small, server-resident program that typically runs automatically in response to user input.
A network socket is an endpoint of an inter-process communication flow across a computer network.

We can think of it as a difference between door and gate. They are similar as they both are entry points but they are different as they are put up at different areas.

Sockets are for low-level network communication whereas Servlets are for implementing websites and web services

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Q10. What are different types of cookies ?

Ans. Session cookies , which are deleted once the session is over.

Permanent cookies , which stays at client PC even if the session is disconnected.

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Q11. Difference between jar , war and ear ?

Ans. Jar is Java Archieve i.e compressed Class or Class / Java files.

War comprises of compressed Servlet class files,JSP FIles,supporting files, GIF and HTML files.

Ear comprise of compressed Java and web module files ( was files ).

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Q12. What is a Servlet Filter ?

Ans. It's an object that can intercept http request and response and hence we can take appropriate action on those requests.

There are different types of filters based on Specifications like

Authentication
Logging
Encryption
Tokenizing

etc

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Q13. What are some uses of interceptors ?

Ans. Authentication / Authorization
URL forwarding
Auditing / Logging
Localization

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Q14. What is a cookie ?

Ans. A cookie is a small piece of text stored on a user's computer by the browser for a specific domain. Commonly used for authentication, storing site preferences, and server session identification.

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Q15. What is servlet Chaining ?

Ans. Multiple servlets serving the request in chain.

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Q16. What is a config Object?

Ans. The config object is an instantiation of javax.servlet.ServletConfig and is a direct wrapper around the ServletConfig object for the generated servlet. This object allows the JSP programmer access to the Servlet or JSP engine initialization parameters such as the paths or file location.

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Q17. What is a pageContext Object?

Ans. The pageContext object is an instance of a javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext object. The pageContext object is used to represent the entire JSP page. This object stores references to the request and response objects for each request. The application, config, session, and out objects are derived by accessing attributes of this object.The pageContext object also contains information about the directives issued to the JSP page, including the buffering information, the errorPageURL, and page scope.

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Q18. What are LDAP servers used for ?

Ans. LDAP servers are typically used in J2EE applications to authenticate and authorise users. LDAP servers are hierarchical and are optimized for read access, so likely to be faster than database in providing read access.

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Q19. What are the phases of the JSP life cycle ?

Ans. Translation of JSP PageCompilation of JSP PageClassloading (class file is loaded by the classloader)Instantiation (Object of the Generated Servlet is created).Initialization ( jspInit() method is invoked by the container).Reqeust processing ( _jspService() method is invoked by the container).Destroy ( jspDestroy() method is invoked by the container).

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Q20. What are JSP directives ? What are different types of directives ?

Ans. The jsp directives are messages that tells the web container how to translate a JSP page into the corresponding servlet.

There are three types of directives -

page directive
include directive
taglib directive

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Q21. What are advantages of using Servlets over CGI ?

Ans. Better Performance as Servlets doesn't require a separate process for a single request.

Servlets are platform independent as they are written in Java.

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Q22. What is the use of HTTPSession in relation to http protocol ?

Ans. http protocol on its own is stateless. So it helps in identifying the relationship between multiple stateless request as they come from a single source.

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Q23. Why using cookie to store session info is a better idea than just using session info in the request ?

Ans. Session info in the request can be intercepted and hence a vulnerability. Cookie can be read and write by respective domain only and make sure that right session information is being passed by the client.

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Q24. http protocol is by default ... ?

Ans. stateless

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Q25. How many SessionFactory and Session objects are created ?

Ans. Single SessionFactory object and multiple session objects for opening different session. Hibernate creates new Session object per thread.

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Q26. What doesn Http keep alive header does ?

Ans. Http is connection less by default. header informs hosts to keep the connection alive so that the same connection can be reused for multiple communication.

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Q27. Are Servlet classes Thread Safe ?

Ans. No

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Q28. What do you know about JQuery ?

Ans. jQuery is a cross platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of HTML. JQuery is the most popular JavaScript library.

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Q29. What is an IP address ?

Ans. An Internet Protocol address is a numerical label assigned to each device participating in a computer network.

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Q30. What is the difference between URI, URL and URN ?

Ans. URI stands for Uniform Resource Indicator
URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator
URN stands for Uniform Resource Name

URI = URL + URN

For ex - http://javasearch.buggybread.com/InterviewQuestions/questionSearch.php?keyword=url

This is URI. The string from start till .php is URL whereas keyword=url is URN.

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